Is it wrong for a Christian to have doubts?
If I really believed, I wouldn't have these questions. Doubting must mean my faith is weak or fake, and the Bible says the one who doubts shouldn't expect anything from God. Maybe I'm not a real Christian.
Doubt is not the opposite of faith; unbelief is. Scripture is full of faithful people who doubted: John the Baptist in prison, Thomas after the resurrection, even some of the disciples on the mountain as they worshiped the risen Jesus. Jesus did not reject them. He met them with evidence and grace. Jude tells Christians to 'have mercy on those who doubt.' Honest questions, brought to God and investigated, can lead to a deeper, sturdier faith.
What Scripture says
16Meanwhile, the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain Jesus had designated. 17When they saw Him, they worshiped Him, but some doubted. 18Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. 19Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”
Even as the disciples worshiped the risen Jesus, 'some doubted'. Jesus still came to them and gave them the Great Commission.
20So they brought him, and seeing Jesus, the spirit immediately threw the boy into a convulsion. He fell to the ground and rolled around, foaming at the mouth. 21Jesus asked the boy’s father, “How long has this been with him?” “From childhood,” he said. 22“It often throws him into the fire or into the water, trying to kill him. But if You can do anything, have compassion on us and help us.” 23“If You can?” echoed Jesus. “All things are possible to him who believes!” 24Immediately the boy’s father cried out, “I do believe; help my unbelief!” 25When Jesus saw that a crowd had come running, He rebuked the unclean spirit. “You deaf and mute spirit,” He said, “I command you to come out and never enter him again.” 26After shrieking and convulsing him violently, the spirit came out. The boy became like a corpse, so that many said, “He is dead.” 27But Jesus took him by the hand and helped him to his feet, and he stood up.
'I believe; help my unbelief!' Jesus answers this mixed prayer by healing the man's son.
2Meanwhile John heard in prison about the works of Christ, and he sent his disciples 3to ask Him, “Are You the One who was to come, or should we look for someone else?” 4Jesus replied, “Go back and report to John what you hear and see: 5The blind receive sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is preached to the poor. 6Blessed is the one who does not fall away on account of Me. ”
John the Baptist, in prison, sends to ask if Jesus is really the one. Jesus answers with evidence, then praises John (11:11).
24Now Thomas called Didymus, one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus came. 25So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!” But he replied, “Unless I see the nail marks in His hands, and put my finger where the nails have been, and put my hand into His side, I will never believe.” 26Eight days later, His disciples were once again inside with the doors locked, and Thomas was with them. Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.” 27Then Jesus said to Thomas, “Put your finger here and look at My hands. Reach out your hand and put it into My side. Stop doubting and believe.” 28Thomas replied, “My Lord and my God!” 29Jesus said to him, “Because you have seen Me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”
Thomas demands evidence. Jesus provides it, inviting him to touch his wounds.
22And indeed, have mercy on those who doubt;
Believers are told to have mercy on those who doubt.
1Surely God is good to Israel, to those who are pure in heart. 2But as for me, my feet had almost stumbled; my steps had nearly slipped. 3For I envied the arrogant when I saw the prosperity of the wicked. 4They have no struggle in their death; their bodies are well-fed. 5They are free of the burdens others carry; they are not afflicted like other men. 6Therefore pride is their necklace; a garment of violence covers them. 7From their prosperity proceeds iniquity; the imaginations of their hearts run wild. 8They mock and speak with malice; with arrogance they threaten oppression. 9They set their mouths against the heavens, and their tongues strut across the earth. 10So their people return to this place and drink up waters in abundance. 11The wicked say, “How can God know? Does the Most High have knowledge?” 12Behold, these are the wicked— always carefree as they increase their wealth. 13Surely in vain I have kept my heart pure; in innocence I have washed my hands. 14For I am afflicted all day long and punished every morning. 15If I had said, “I will speak this way,” then I would have betrayed Your children. 16When I tried to understand all this, it was troublesome in my sight 17until I entered God’s sanctuary; then I discerned their end. 18Surely You set them on slick ground; You cast them down into ruin. 19How suddenly they are laid waste, completely swept away by terrors! 20Like one waking from a dream, so You, O Lord, awaken and despise their form. 21When my heart was grieved and I was pierced within, 22I was senseless and ignorant; I was a brute beast before You. 23Yet I am always with You; You hold my right hand. 24You guide me with Your counsel, and later receive me in glory. 25Whom have I in heaven but You? And on earth I desire no one besides You. 26My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever. 27Those far from You will surely perish; You destroy all who are unfaithful to You. 28But as for me, it is good to draw near to God. I have made the Lord GOD my refuge, that I may proclaim all Your works.
Asaph nearly loses his faith over the prosperity of the wicked, until he enters God's sanctuary and sees the end.
5Now if any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him. 6But he must ask in faith, without doubting, because he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. 7That man should not expect to receive anything from the Lord. 8He is a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways.
James warns against being 'double-minded', divided in loyalty toward God, which is different from honest intellectual questions.
15But in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give a defense to everyone who asks you the reason for the hope that is in you. But respond with gentleness and respect,
Christians are to be ready to give a reason for their hope. Faith and reasons go together.
The case
Doubt in the Bible
Many Christians quietly believe that a "real" believer never doubts. But that idea doesn't come from the Bible. Scripture is strikingly honest about doubt among God's people:
- Abraham and Sarah laughed at God's promise of a son (Genesis 17:17; 18:12).
- Asaph confessed his feet had "almost stumbled" as he envied the wicked (Psalm 73:2).
- John the Baptist, who had pointed to Jesus as the Lamb of God, later sent from prison to ask, "Are you the one who is to come?" (Matthew 11:3). Jesus answered with evidence and then called him the greatest born of women.
- Thomas refused to believe without seeing the wounds (John 20:25). Jesus came back and showed him.
- The eleven on the mountain: "they worshiped him, but some doubted" (Matthew 28:17). Jesus then entrusted the gospel to them.
None of these people was rejected for doubting. Jesus repeatedly met doubters with patience and with evidence.
Doubt is not the same as unbelief
It helps to make some distinctions:
| Doubt | Unbelief | |
|---|---|---|
| Direction | Wants to believe, struggles to | Refuses to believe |
| Posture toward God | "Help my unbelief" (Mark 9:24) | "I will not come" (John 5:40) |
| Response to evidence | Seeks it | Dismisses it |
| Biblical response | Mercy (Jude 22) | Warning and call to repent |
James warns about the "double-minded" person (James 1:8), but the Greek word means someone with a divided soul or loyalty, not someone with unresolved questions. Os Guinness describes doubt as being in two minds: neither full belief nor unbelief, but faith in a wavering state that can move either way. That is why the right response is to strengthen faith, not shame it.
Where doubts come from
Doubts have different roots, and each needs a different response:
- Intellectual doubts. Questions about evidence, science, Scripture, or other religions. These call for honest study. Christianity has nothing to fear from good questions; its central claim, the resurrection, is a historical claim open to investigation.
- Emotional doubts. Feelings of God's absence, often in grief, depression, anxiety or exhaustion. Gary Habermas, a resurrection scholar, has written that many of the doubts he encounters are emotional rather than factual. These need rest, care, community and sometimes professional help as much as arguments.
- Moral or relational doubts. Hurt by Christians or the church, or reacting against a particular sin or command. These need honesty about wounds and a fresh look at Jesus himself, not just his followers.
- Volitional doubts. Sometimes we doubt because we don't want something to be true. These call for honest self-examination.
Faith that holds through moods
C. S. Lewis observed that moods change whether or not the evidence does: an idea can seem certain one day and doubtful the next for no new reason. He described faith as holding on to what your reason has once accepted, in spite of your changing moods (Mere Christianity, Book 3, ch. 11). Faith is not a feeling of certainty. It is trust, and trust can be exercised even when certainty feels far away.
What to do with your doubts
- Bring them to God. The psalms model this. Doubt spoken to God is still prayer.
- Bring them to a friend. Don't carry them alone. Jude 22 calls the church to show mercy to doubters, so let them.
- Investigate. Read thoughtful books from both sides. Questions often feel unanswerable until you discover that serious Christians have wrestled with them for centuries.
- Keep practicing. Keep worshiping, reading Scripture, and gathering with believers. Faith is strengthened as it is exercised.
- Look at Jesus. Doubts about the church or about God's providence are best answered by looking at the person of Christ, especially his resurrection.
Why it matters
Faith does not depend on the strength of your grip but on the strength of the One you are holding. Jesus did not wait until Thomas's doubts were resolved before coming back for him. He came back so they could be resolved. He does the same for you.
Word study
greek · “to waver, hesitate, be of two minds” · Matthew 28:17
This verb occurs only twice in the New Testament: of Peter sinking in the waves (Matthew 14:31) and of disciples worshiping the risen Jesus (Matthew 28:17). In both cases the doubters are Jesus' own followers, and in both cases Jesus responds by reaching out to them, not by casting them off.
greek · “to judge between; (middle) to waver, be divided” · James 1:6
The word James uses for the one who 'doubts' describes someone divided within, like a wave driven back and forth. James pairs it with being 'double-minded' (dipsychos, 1:8): split loyalty toward God. That is different from a believer who trusts God while wrestling with hard questions. Jude 22 uses the same verb when commanding mercy toward doubters.
“But what about…?”
Doesn't James 1:6 say a doubter won't receive anything from God?
James is describing a person who is 'double-minded', divided in loyalty, wanting God's wisdom while not really committed to following it. He is not condemning someone who believes but struggles with questions. Jesus answered the father who prayed 'help my unbelief' (Mark 9:24).
Should I stop reading things that make me doubt?
Don't hide from questions; face them wisely. Read the best arguments on both sides, ideally with a mature friend or pastor. Christianity makes claims about history and reality that can be investigated (Luke 1:1-4; 1 Corinthians 15:3-8). Running from questions tends to make them bigger.
What if my doubts are emotional rather than intellectual?
Many doubts are driven by pain, disappointment, or depression more than by arguments. Those need care, rest, community and sometimes counseling as much as answers. Os Guinness observes that doubts come in different kinds, and each needs a different remedy.
Can a Christian lose faith through doubt?
Doubt itself is not apostasy. Christians differ on whether a true believer can finally fall away (see the entry on assurance), but all agree that doubts brought honestly to God are not the same as deliberately rejecting him.
Where Christians differ
Go deeper
- book · 1996God in the Dark: The Assurance of Faith Beyond a Shadow of DoubtOs Guinness
- book · 2006Doubting: Growing Through the Uncertainties of FaithAlister McGrath
- book · 1990Dealing with DoubtGary Habermas
- book · 2008The Reason for GodTimothy Keller
- book · 1952Mere Christianity (Book 3, ch. 11, 'Faith')C. S. Lewis
Sources (3)
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2088 and 157, on voluntary and involuntary doubt and the difficulty of faith
- Os Guinness, God in the Dark (Crossway, 1996), on types of doubt
- C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (1952), Book 3, ch. 11, on faith as holding to what reason has accepted despite changing moods
Related questions
How can I know I'm really saved?
Scripture wants believers to have real confidence: John wrote 'so that you may know that you have eternal life.' That confidence rests first on Christ's finished work and God's promises, not on the strength of your feelings or the perfection of your performance. Scripture also points to the Spirit's witness and a changed life as signs of genuine faith. Christian traditions explain assurance differently, but all agree the place to look is Jesus himself.
My friends are deconstructing their faith—what should I think?
'Deconstruction' covers everything from healthy reexamination of what you were taught to a complete rejection of Christ. Some of what your friends are questioning may genuinely deserve to be questioned. The key is to distinguish human traditions and church wounds from the core of the faith, especially Jesus and his resurrection, and to test everything by Scripture and evidence. Stay close to your friends, listen well, keep your own roots deep, and keep pointing to Jesus himself.
Why doesn't God answer my prayers?
Scripture never presents prayer as a vending machine. Jesus himself asked for the cup to pass and was told no; Paul asked three times for his thorn to be removed and was told no. God answers as a wise Father, not a genie: sometimes yes, sometimes not yet, sometimes no, because he sees what we cannot. Unanswered prayer is painful, and the Bible gives you permission to say so. But it is not evidence that God has stopped listening.
Did Jesus really rise from the dead?
A small set of facts is granted by nearly all historians who study the period, including skeptics: Jesus died by crucifixion; his disciples sincerely believed he appeared to them alive; the church persecutor Paul and the skeptic James were converted by what they believed were appearances; and the tomb was very likely found empty. Natural theories each explain one or two of these facts but fail on the rest. The resurrection explains all of them, and it is exactly what Jesus predicted.
This entry is a draft and has not yet been theologically reviewed.