Why are so many Christians hypocrites?
Christians claim to follow a man who taught love, humility and honesty, yet many are judgmental, greedy, abusive or dishonest. Church leaders cover up scandals. If Christianity were true and really changed people, its followers wouldn't look so much like everyone else, or worse.
— In Barna Group research reported in David Kinnaman & Gabe Lyons, unChristian (2007), 85% of young non-Christians surveyed described present-day Christianity as 'hypocritical'
Much of the charge is true, and Christians should own it with repentance rather than defensiveness. But hypocrisy is the failure to live up to a standard, which means it assumes the standard is good. Nobody condemned religious hypocrisy more fiercely than Jesus. The church is not a museum of good people but a hospital for sinners, and Christianity has never claimed Christians are better than others, only that they need, and have found, a Savior. The question is not whether Christians are perfect, but whether Jesus is who he said he was.
What Scripture says
1Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to His disciples: 2“The scribes and Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat. 3So practice and observe everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach. 4They tie up heavy, burdensome loads and lay them on men’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them. 5All their deeds are done for men to see. They broaden their phylacteries and lengthen their tassels. 6They love the places of honor at banquets, the chief seats in the synagogues, 7the greetings in the marketplaces, and the title of ‘Rabbi’ by which they are addressed. 8But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers. 9And do not call anyone on earth your father, for you have one Father, who is in heaven. 10Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Christ. 11The greatest among you shall be your servant. 12For whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted. 13Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the kingdom of heaven in men’s faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let in those who wish to enter. 15Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You traverse land and sea to win a single convert, and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much a son of hell as you are. 16Woe to you, blind guides! You say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.’ 17You blind fools! Which is greater: the gold, or the temple that makes it sacred? 18And you say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gift on it, he is bound by his oath.’ 19You blind men! Which is greater: the gift, or the altar that makes it sacred? 20So then, he who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. 21And he who swears by the temple swears by it and by the One who dwells in it. 22And he who swears by heaven swears by God’s throne and by the One who sits on it. 23Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You pay tithes of mint, dill, and cumin. But you have disregarded the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former. 24You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel. 25Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence. 26Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, so that the outside may become clean as well. 27Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of impurity. 28In the same way, on the outside you appear to be righteous, but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness. 29Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets and decorate the monuments of the righteous. 30And you say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partners with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31So you testify against yourselves that you are the sons of those who murdered the prophets. 32Fill up, then, the measure of the sin of your fathers. 33You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape the sentence of hell? 34Because of this, I am sending you prophets and wise men and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify, and others you will flog in your synagogues and persecute from town to town. 35And so upon you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 36Truly I tell you, all these things will come upon this generation.
Jesus pronounces a series of 'woes' on religious hypocrites. He condemned hypocrisy more strongly than his critics do.
1“Do not judge, or you will be judged. 2For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you. 3Why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye but fail to notice the beam in your own eye? 4How can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ while there is still a beam in your own eye? 5You hypocrite! First take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.
Jesus warns against judging others while ignoring the log in one's own eye.
15While Jesus was dining at Levi’s house, many tax collectors and sinners were eating with Him and His disciples—for there were many who followed Him. 16When the scribes who were Pharisees saw Jesus eating with these people, they asked His disciples, “Why does He eat with tax collectors and sinners?” 17On hearing this, Jesus told them, “It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.”
'I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.' The church exists for people who know they are not well.
9To some who trusted in their own righteousness and viewed others with contempt, He also told this parable: 10“Two men went up to the temple to pray. One was a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. 11The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed, ‘God, I thank You that I am not like other men—swindlers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector. 12I fast twice a week and pay tithes of all that I acquire.’ 13But the tax collector stood at a distance, unwilling even to lift up his eyes to heaven. Instead, he beat his breast and said, ‘God, have mercy on me, a sinner!’ 14I tell you, this man, rather than the Pharisee, went home justified. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”
The self-righteous Pharisee and the repentant tax collector. Only the one who admitted his sin went home justified.
21But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, as attested by the Law and the Prophets. 22And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no distinction, 23for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24and are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.
All have sinned. Christians are saved by grace, not by being better than others.
8If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. 9If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 10If we say we have not sinned, we make Him out to be a liar, and His word is not in us.
If we say we have no sin we deceive ourselves. Honest confession is part of being a Christian.
11When Cephas came to Antioch, however, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. 12For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself, for fear of those in the circumcision group. 13The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray. 14When I saw that they were not walking in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of them all, “If you, who are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?”
Paul publicly confronts Peter's hypocrisy. The New Testament does not hide the failures of the apostles.
12Not that I have already obtained all this, or have already been made perfect, but I press on to take hold of that for which Christ Jesus took hold of me. 13Brothers, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, 14I press on toward the goal to win the prize of God’s heavenly calling in Christ Jesus.
Paul says he is not yet perfect but presses on. Christian growth is real and incomplete.
15Beware of false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves. 16By their fruit you will recognize them. Are grapes gathered from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? 17Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. 18A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit. 19Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20So then, by their fruit you will recognize them. 21Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of My Father in heaven. 22Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ 23Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’
Jesus warns that not everyone who calls him 'Lord' belongs to him. Some who claim the name are not his.
The case
Start with honesty
When people say Christians are hypocrites, Christians should not begin with a defense. They should begin with agreement where agreement is due. Churches have covered up abuse, Christians have been greedy, racist and cruel, and many believers fail daily to live what they profess. In the Barna research summarized in unChristian (2007), 85% of young adults outside the church described Christianity as hypocritical, and the authors noted that many of these impressions came from real experiences with Christians.
The Bible models this honesty. It records Peter's denial of Jesus, the apostles' quarrels over status, and Paul confronting Peter to his face for hypocrisy (Galatians 2:11-14). Scripture does not present its heroes as moral exemplars. It presents them as forgiven sinners.
Jesus agrees with the critic
The fiercest critic of religious hypocrisy in history is Jesus himself. In Matthew 23 he denounces religious leaders who preach but do not practice, who load burdens on others, who perform for applause, and who look clean on the outside while being full of greed inside. He calls them "whitewashed tombs" (Matthew 23:27).
So when someone objects to Christian hypocrisy, they are, without realizing it, taking Jesus' side. The objection does not count against Jesus; it counts against those who claim him without following him.
What hypocrisy actually shows
Hypocrisy means failing to live up to a standard you claim. That has some interesting implications:
- It assumes the standard is good. Nobody accuses a person of hypocrisy for failing to be cruel. The charge only works because Jesus' ethic of love, humility and honesty is recognized as beautiful.
- It confirms the Christian diagnosis. Christianity teaches that all people, including believers, are sinners who fall short (Romans 3:23). Finding sin in the church is what Christianity predicts.
- It does not touch the central question. Whether Christianity is true depends on whether Jesus is who he claimed to be and whether he rose from the dead, not on the behavior of his followers.
A hospital, not a museum
Jesus said he came for the sick, not the healthy (Mark 2:17). The church is meant to be a community of people who know they need help. If you went into a hospital and found it full of sick people, you would not conclude medicine doesn't work.
C. S. Lewis made a related point in Mere Christianity. A person with a naturally sour temperament who becomes a Christian may still be less pleasant than a naturally cheerful unbeliever, but much better than he would have been without Christ. The fair comparison is between a person with and without grace, not between two different people starting from different places.
Two kinds of "Christians"
Jesus warned that some who use his name do not belong to him (Matthew 7:21-23). Some who carry the label are cultural Christians who never embraced the faith. Others are genuine believers who have fallen into sin. Both exist. Neither tells you whether Jesus is worth following.
| The objection says | Christianity says |
|---|---|
| Christians claim to be good people | Christians claim to be forgiven sinners |
| Hypocrisy disproves Christianity | Hypocrisy is condemned by Christ |
| The church should be perfect | The church is a hospital for the sick |
| Judge the faith by its followers | Judge the faith by its founder |
A word to Christians
If you are a believer hurt by hypocrisy in the church, your pain is valid, and the God of Scripture is on the side of the wounded (Ezekiel 34). Don't let the failures of Christians keep you from Christ himself. And for all of us: the best answer to the charge of hypocrisy isn't an argument. It is repentance where we have failed and lives that increasingly look like Jesus.
Why it matters
Christianity is not good news for good people. It is good news for hypocrites, for people who have pretended, failed and fallen, because Jesus died for exactly such people. The mask can come off. Nobody has to perform before a God who already knows everything and loves them anyway.
Word study
greek · “actor, pretender, hypocrite” · Matthew 23:13
In classical Greek a hypokritēs was a stage actor who played a part behind a mask. Jesus used the word for people who perform righteousness for an audience while their hearts are far from God. The Christian answer to hypocrisy is not a better performance but taking off the mask: confession, repentance and grace.
“But what about…?”
If Christianity really changes people, why don't Christians seem better?
C. S. Lewis argued that the right comparison is not between a Christian and a non-Christian, but between a person as a Christian and the same person without Christ. Someone with a difficult temperament may be much kinder than they would otherwise have been, even if still less kind than a naturally easygoing neighbor. Change is real, but it is gradual and starts from different places.
What about church abuse scandals?
They are evil, and Scripture condemns them in the strongest terms (Matthew 18:6; Ezekiel 34:1-10). Churches that protect abusers betray Jesus. The right Christian response is to protect victims, report crimes to authorities, and expose wrongdoing (Ephesians 5:11), not to defend institutions.
Aren't people who say 'I'm a Christian' really representative of Christianity?
Not necessarily. Jesus himself warned that many would claim his name without knowing him (Matthew 7:21-23). Cultural or nominal Christianity can carry the label without the reality. Judge a philosophy by its founder and its teaching, not only by those who claim it while ignoring it.
Hasn't Christianity also done a lot of good?
Yes. Historians credit Christians with founding hospitals, care for the poor and the sick in epidemics, the spread of literacy, and leading roles in movements to abolish slavery. That does not erase Christian failures, but it shows that where Jesus' teaching is actually followed, it bears good fruit.
Where Christians differ
Go deeper
- book · 1952Mere Christianity (Book 4, ch. 10, 'Nice People or New Men')C. S. Lewis
- book · 2007unChristian: What a New Generation Really Thinks about ChristianityDavid Kinnaman & Gabe Lyons
- book · 2019Confronting Christianity: 12 Hard Questions for the World's Largest ReligionRebecca McLaughlin
- book · 2008The Reason for GodTimothy Keller
- book · 1997What's So Amazing About Grace?Philip Yancey
Sources (3)
- David Kinnaman & Gabe Lyons, unChristian (Baker Books, 2007), reporting Barna Group surveys of 16-29-year-olds
- C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (1952), Book 4, ch. 10, on comparing a person with and without Christ
- Timothy Keller, The Reason for God (2008), ch. 4, 'The Church Is Responsible for So Much Injustice'
Related questions
Is it wrong for a Christian to have doubts?
Doubt is not the opposite of faith; unbelief is. Scripture is full of faithful people who doubted: John the Baptist in prison, Thomas after the resurrection, even some of the disciples on the mountain as they worshiped the risen Jesus. Jesus did not reject them. He met them with evidence and grace. Jude tells Christians to 'have mercy on those who doubt.' Honest questions, brought to God and investigated, can lead to a deeper, sturdier faith.
My friends are deconstructing their faith—what should I think?
'Deconstruction' covers everything from healthy reexamination of what you were taught to a complete rejection of Christ. Some of what your friends are questioning may genuinely deserve to be questioned. The key is to distinguish human traditions and church wounds from the core of the faith, especially Jesus and his resurrection, and to test everything by Scripture and evidence. Stay close to your friends, listen well, keep your own roots deep, and keep pointing to Jesus himself.
Hasn't religion caused most wars?
Christians must honestly admit that people have done terrible things in Christ's name. But historians find that most wars have been driven by land, power, wealth and ethnic or national rivalry, not religion. The 20th century's officially atheist regimes killed on a vast scale. Violence comes from the human heart, not from God. And when Christians use violence to spread the faith, they directly disobey Jesus, who told Peter to put away his sword.
This entry is a draft and has not yet been theologically reviewed.